The rapid development of digital technologies and the growing number of cyber threats increase the risk of personal data breaches, leading to financial, legal, and reputational losses. Existing approaches to assessing the criticality of such incidents are fragmented, as they focus mainly on isolated aspects. This study presents a comparative analysis of modern models, methods, and systems for evaluating the negative consequences of personal data breaches, identifying their strengths, limitations, and compliance with international standards, in particular the GDPR. The scientific novelty lies in establishing a theoretical foundation for the development of improved comprehensive models for assessing losses from personal data breaches, taking into account economic, legal, and reputational factors.